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Erdogan’s Reconciliation with Reality: Back to Rapprochement with Assad

Over a decade ago, Turkey-Syria relations have undergone a dramatic shift when then Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) decided to end their policy of ‘zero problems with the neighbors’ and interfered in the uprising in Syria. The AKP’s overly ambitious Neo-Ottomanism and revolutionary aspirations, coupled with military activism and Iranian-style proxy warfare campaigns in its neighboring country proved to be a disastrous mixture. Today, Erdogan has no other choice but to return to his Syria policy before the Arab Spring: seeking rapprochement with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

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NATO at Crossroads: New Threat Landscape and Challenges

In February of 2022, Russian forces invaded Eastern Ukraine, sparking the most intense conventional conflict in Europe since the Second World War. Three months later, historically neutral Finland and Sweden submitted letters of application to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Two years into the conflict, it’s time to take stock: NATO has expanded, alliance members have raised their defense spending, and Russia’s credibility has degraded. Russia has responded, ramping up cyber threats and disinformation operations in the “near abroad” and strengthening its partnerships with revisionist actors like China.

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